housing estates

• жилищен комплекс

1. жилой микрорайон

2. домовладение

housing estate

housing estates

1 urban development, development, housing complex, housing development.

2 city planning, town planning.

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► nombre femenino

1 (proceso) urbanization

2 (conjunto residencial) housing development, housing estate

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1) (=acto) urbanization

2) (=colonia, barrio) housing development, housing estate

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femenino ( acción) urbanization, development; ( núcleo residencial) (Esp) (housing) development

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= urbanisation [urbanization, -USA], estate, housing development, housing estate, housing complex.

Ex. The acceleration of change, in technology, in mobility, in urbanization, in international relations, in economics, all have affected libraries.

Ex. The Clifton branch serves an estate that is rather cut off from the rest of the city of Nottingham.

Ex. The mobile visits 24 sites on a weekly basis, serving communities and housing developments some distance from static service points.

Ex. Libraries formed a major part of the reconstruction of Poland after World War II and they are to be found in such diverse places as housing estates and office blocks.

Ex. Roughly 3 percent of all persons aged 70 and older in 1993 were living in housing complexes for the elderly.

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* urbanización de viviendas sociales = council estate.

* urbanización privada = private estate.

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femenino ( acción) urbanization, development; ( núcleo residencial) (Esp) (housing) development

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1 (acción) urbanization, development

la urbanización de un terreno the development of a piece of land

2 ( Esp) (núcleo residencial) (housing) development

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urbanización nf

1. [zona residencial] (private) housing development

2. [acción] development, urbanization;

la urbanización de la zona the development of the area

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f (urban) development; ( colonia) housing development, Br

housing estate

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urbanización nf, pl - ciones : housing development, residential area

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urbanización n housing estate

(n.) = housing development, housing estate, housing complex

Ex. The mobile visits 24 sites on a weekly basis, serving communities and housing developments some distance from static service points.

Ex. Libraries formed a major part of the reconstruction of Poland after World War II and they are to be found in such diverse places as housing estates and office blocks.

Ex. Roughly 3 percent of all persons aged 70 and older in 1993 were living in housing complexes for the elderly.

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cité [site]

( = grande ville) city ; ( = petite ville) town ; ( = immeubles) housing estate (Brit), project (US)

• le problème des cités the problem of social unrest in deprived estates (Brit) or projects (US)

• cité universitaire halls of residence

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+1! cité ne se traduit pas toujours par city.

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1) ( ville) city; ( plus petite) town; ( antique) city

2) ( ensemble de logements) housing estate; dortoir 2.

•

- la cité des Papes

- cité universitaire

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1) (= ville) city

2) (= quartier résidentiel) estate, project USA

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cité nf

1 Antiq city; ( ville) city; ( plus petite) town;

2 ( ensemble de logements) housing estate; ⇒ dortoir B.

cité ouvrière workers' housing development; la cité des Papes Avignon; cité universitaire student halls (pl) of residence GB, dormitories (pl) US; la Cité du Vatican the Vatican City.

[site] nom féminin

1. [ville] city

[plus petite] town

2. [résidence] (housing) estate (UK) ou development (US)

3. ANTIQUITÉ city-state

• dimanar v.

• surgir v.

v + adv \<\<stores/housing estates\>\> surgir*; \<\<plant\>\> brotar; \<\<wind\>\> levantarse

VI + ADV

1) [building, settlement, organization] surgir; [plant, weeds] brotar; [wind, storm] levantarse; [doubt, rumour, friendship] surgir, nacer

2) [person] (from chair) levantarse de un salto

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v + adv \<\<stores/housing estates\>\> surgir*; \<\<plant\>\> brotar; \<\<wind\>\> levantarse

(n.) = office building, office block, office tower

Ex. In the center of town are the usual cluster of banks, stores, and office buildings; shopping centers are sprinkled throughout the various neighborhoods.

Ex. Libraries formed a major part of the reconstruction of Poland after World War II and they are to be found in such diverse places as housing estates and office blocks.

Ex. They specialize in providing seasonal decor for large commercial buildings and office towers.

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(n.) = office building, office block

Ex. In the center of town are the usual cluster of banks, stores, and office buildings; shopping centers are sprinkled throughout the various neighborhoods.

Ex. Libraries formed a major part of the reconstruction of Poland after World War II and they are to be found in such diverse places as housing estates and office blocks.

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(HLM) council housing (UK), council housing estates, council housing flat, low cost housing (US), public housing (UK)

(habitation à loyer modéré) council housing estates, council housing flat

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).

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м.
1. (четверть года) quarter;

2. (часть города) district, neighbourhood;
разг. (часть улицы между двумя перекрёстками) block.